21:35 15-11-2010 О креативности
Наткнулась тут на англоязычную статью, посвященную трудностям бикультуральных работников (на примере китайцев в США). Привожу оттуда абзац, подтверждающий то, о чем в общем-то, я тоже интуитивно догадывалась:
CREATIVE STYLES IN EASTERN AND WESTERN CULTURES
While real-world creative problem solving requires that the solution be both novel and useful (Amabile, 1983), laboratory research on creativity predominantly focuses on the former criteria. It typically makes use of divergent thinking tasks; these require proposing novel ideas but not the next step of usefully implementing them. Given that usefulness is rarely assessed in laboratory tasks, organizational studies of in situ expert problem solving are needed to understand the full creative process of generating novel and useful ideas (see Hempel & Sue-Chan, 2010; Zhou & Su, 2010).
Cross-national comparisons of several kinds of divergent thinking tasks have found that Westerners outperform East Asians (Jellen & Urban, 1989; Ng, 2001; Niu & Sternberg, 2001; Rudowicz & Yue, 2000; cf. Chandrasekaran & Tellis, 2008; Leung, Au, & Leung, 2004; Rudowicz, Lok, & Kitto, 1995). These differences have been interpreted in terms of the prevailing social norms or ideals in the culture. In Western cultures, people are expected to be independent and differentiate themselves from others, whereas in East Asian cultures, people are expected to be interdependent and mesh with others (e.g., Aaker & Schmitt, 2001; Markus & Kitayama, 1991). With regard to creative problem solving, the Western normative mandate to differentiate oneself encourages unique, original ideas that distinguish one from others. In contrast, the East Asian normative mandate to mesh with others discourages highly novel ideas that threaten convention, consensus, and group harmony.
Судя по тем же внутреним ощущениям, мы, славяне, все еще висим где-то посредине между этими двумя "креативными стилями"
CREATIVE STYLES IN EASTERN AND WESTERN CULTURES
While real-world creative problem solving requires that the solution be both novel and useful (Amabile, 1983), laboratory research on creativity predominantly focuses on the former criteria. It typically makes use of divergent thinking tasks; these require proposing novel ideas but not the next step of usefully implementing them. Given that usefulness is rarely assessed in laboratory tasks, organizational studies of in situ expert problem solving are needed to understand the full creative process of generating novel and useful ideas (see Hempel & Sue-Chan, 2010; Zhou & Su, 2010).
Cross-national comparisons of several kinds of divergent thinking tasks have found that Westerners outperform East Asians (Jellen & Urban, 1989; Ng, 2001; Niu & Sternberg, 2001; Rudowicz & Yue, 2000; cf. Chandrasekaran & Tellis, 2008; Leung, Au, & Leung, 2004; Rudowicz, Lok, & Kitto, 1995). These differences have been interpreted in terms of the prevailing social norms or ideals in the culture. In Western cultures, people are expected to be independent and differentiate themselves from others, whereas in East Asian cultures, people are expected to be interdependent and mesh with others (e.g., Aaker & Schmitt, 2001; Markus & Kitayama, 1991). With regard to creative problem solving, the Western normative mandate to differentiate oneself encourages unique, original ideas that distinguish one from others. In contrast, the East Asian normative mandate to mesh with others discourages highly novel ideas that threaten convention, consensus, and group harmony.
Судя по тем же внутреним ощущениям, мы, славяне, все еще висим где-то посредине между этими двумя "креативными стилями"